第29届夏季奥林匹克运动会，又称2008年北京奥运会，于2008年8月8日在中华人民共和国首都北京开幕，2008年8月24日闭幕。主办城市是中国首都北京，参赛国家及地区204个，参赛运动员11438人，设302项（28种运动），共有60000多名运动员、教练员和官员参加北京奥运会。本届北京奥运会共创造43项新世界纪录及132项新奥运纪录，共有87个国家在赛事中取得奖牌，中国以51面金牌居奖牌榜首名，是奥运历史上首个登上金牌榜首的亚洲国家。
29th Summer Olympic Games, also known as the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games opened in Beijing, the capital of the People's Republic of China, on August 8, 2008, closing on August 24, 2008. Host city of Beijing, capital of China, 204 participating countries and regions, 11438 athletes set 302 (28 sports), a total of more than 60,000 athletes, coaches and officials to participate in the Beijing Olympic Games. The Beijing Olympic Games to create a total of 43 new world records and 132 new Olympic record, a total of 87 countries to win a medal in the race, winning 51 gold medals ranking Medals top name is the history of the Olympic Games first boarded the gold medal championship Asia countries.
April 6, 1896, was definitely a day to remember. King George I of Greece announced the opening of the first International Olympic Games in Athens. A total of 245 athletes from 14 nations competed in the ancient Panathenaic stadium.
In this first modern Games, the winner was awarded a silver medal. The second athlete was given a bronze medal while the third athlete received nothing.
The man who re-introduced the Olympic Games to the modern world was Baron Pierre de Coubertin (1863-1937) of France. He was enthusiastic about the Games because he thought they were similar to the French education system, which combined moral and social education in school games.
He travelled the world to gather support for his dream to have countries come together in the name of sport. "The important thing in life is not the victory but competing; the main thing is not to have won but to have fought well," he said.
Coubertin held an international meeting in Paris in 1894 and established the International Olympic Committee. Two years later his ideal — bringing together the youth of the world in a friendly competition - became a reality at the first celebration of the modern Olympic Games.
From the start of the modern Olympics, male athletes of every race, religion, and nationality have been allowed to participate.
No women competed in 1896. A few female golfers and tennis players were allowed to take part in the 1900 Games. Female gymnasts and track-and-field athletes first competed at the 1928 Games. Women's Olympic sports have grown hugely since then. Today women make up about half of the total number of competitors.
This has not been the only change. Figure skating was part of the Summer Games of 1908 and 1920, and ice hockey was played in 1920. They then became part of the Winter Olympics, which was first held in 1924 in France.
Although founded to help world peace, the modern Olympic Games sometimes become a stage for political arguments. The most controversial Olympics were the Berlin Games of 1936. Under the rule of the Nazis, German Jewish athletes were banned from the German team.
The Olympic Games were interrupted twice during the First and Second World Wars. The event was not held in 1916, 1940 and 1944.
回眸现代奥运百年之路，感受沧桑变化中那份历久弥坚的执著
1896年4月6日是一个值得纪念的日子。那天，希腊国王乔治一世宣布希腊举办的首届国际奥林匹克运动会开幕。来自14个国家的245名运动员参加了这场在古老的雅典体育场举行的盛会。
在这次首届现代奥运会上，冠军被授予一枚银牌，亚军获得一枚铜牌，而季军什么奖牌也没有。
法国人巴隆·皮耶尔·德·顾拜旦 (1863-1937)将奥运会重新引入了现代世界。他之所以对奥运会热情很高，是因为他觉得奥运会与法国的学校教育具有相通之处，两者都将道德教育和社会教育融入到运动会之中。
他周游世界，寻求人们对他奥林匹克梦想的支持，希望世界各国能以体育运动的名义相聚。他说：“人生最重要的东西并不是胜利本身，而是竞争的过程，重要的不是赢得胜利，而是努力奋斗。”
1894年，顾拜旦在巴黎召开了一个国际会议，成立了国际奥林匹克委员会。两年后，他的梦想——以一个友好比赛使各国青年汇聚——在首届现代奥林匹克运动会时变成了现实。
自现代奥运会诞生之日起，各种族、宗教、民族的男性运动员均被允许参赛。
1896年奥运会的时候，还没有女性选手参赛。1900年奥运会时，开始有一些女性高尔夫球选手和网球选手获准参赛。而到了1928年奥运会，女性体操和田径运动员首次出现在比赛场上。自此以后，奥林匹克运动在女性中发展壮大。如今，女选手大约占据了参赛选手总人数的半边天。
除此之外，奥运会的变化还有很多。比如，花样滑冰成为1908年和1920年夏季奥运会的运动项目，此外，1920年的比赛项目中加入冰球。它们随后成为了冬季奥运会的竞赛项目。首届冬季奥运会于1924年在法国举行。
举办现代奥运会的初衷在于促进世界和平，但有时它却变成一个政治纷争的舞台。1936年的柏林奥运会最受争议。当时因为纳粹在德国主政，所以德国的犹太运动员被禁止代表德国队参赛。
现代奥运会曾因两次世界大战而中断，1916年、1940年和1944年的奥运会都未能如期举行。
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